Linear Induction Motor is a type of motor that directly converts electrical energy into linear motion mechanical energy, without the need for mechanical transmission devices such as gears and belts required in traditional rotating motors. Its working principle is based on electromagnetic induction, which is closely related to traditional rotary induction motors (such as asynchronous motors), but the motion form changes from rotation to straight line.
The working principle of Linear Induction Motor is a type of motor that directly converts electrical energy into linear motion mechanical energy, without the need for mechanical transmission devices such as gears and belts required in traditional rotating motors. Its working principle is based on electromagnetic induction, which is closely related to traditional rotary induction motors (such as asynchronous motors), but the motion form changes from rotation to straight line.
Its working principle is similar to that of a rotary induction motor (asynchronous motor), but it is structurally unfolded in a straight line form to achieve thrust along the straight line direction.
Core principle of Linear Induction Motor
The working principle of a linear induction motor can be analogized to a "unfolded rotary induction motor":
1).In traditional rotary induction motors, the rotating magnetic field generated by the stator drives the rotor (squirrel cage, etc.) to rotate;
2).A linear induction motor unfolds the stator into a primary state, generating a traveling wave magnetic field that moves in a straight direction; The rotor corresponds to Secondary , which induces current under the action of a magnetic field and then undergoes electromagnetic force (Ampere force), moving in a straight line along the direction of the magnetic field.
3).The primary is fed with alternating current to generate a moving magnetic field, while the secondary induces eddy currents in the magnetic field. The interaction between the eddy currents and the magnetic field generates driving force, which drives the secondary to move in a straight line.
Basic structure of Linear Induction Motor
The structure of a linear induction motor can be divided into two parts:
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Primary (stator side) |
Composed of an iron core and windings, the windings are fed with three-phase alternating current to generate a traveling wave magnetic field. |
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According to structure, it can be divided into "short primary" (primary length shorter than secondary) and "long primary" (primary length longer than secondary). Short primary is more commonly used (such as maglev trains and elevators), which can reduce material costs and energy consumption. |
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Secondary (rotor side) |
Equivalent to the rotor of a rotating motor, it is usually a composite structure of conductive materials (such as aluminum or copper plates) and magnetic materials (such as steel plates), or can be simplified as a single conductive plate (such as an induction plate). |
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The secondary does not require an external power supply and generates current through electromagnetic induction to achieve relative motion with the primary. |
In short, linear induction motors, with their advantages of direct drive and flexible structure, have gradually replaced traditional mechanical transmission in scenarios that require linear motion, becoming an important core component of modern mechatronics integration.
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Linear induction motor is widely used in various fields such as transportation, industrial automation, and construction due to their simple structure, low cost, and suitability for long travel. The following is a specific introduction:
In the field of transportation, maglev trains are one of the typical applications of linear induction motor technology. By installing a linear motor rotor at the bottom of the train and a stator on the track, the train can be suspended and move in a straight line along the track under the action of a magnetic field, achieving high-speed, low-noise, and low-energy operation. In addition, linear induction motors can also be used in automatic guided vehicle systems for urban rail transit, providing a more efficient and flexible solution for urban transportation.
In the field of industrial automation, linear induction motor can be used for material conveying on automated production lines, achieving fast and accurate material handling, improving production efficiency and product quality. At the same time, it can also be used for driving robot joints, as a joint driving device for robots, to achieve high-precision and high dynamic motion control, improve the work efficiency and flexibility of robots.
In the field of architecture, linear induction motor can be used to drive elevators. The earliest elevator in the world to use linear motor drive was the one installed in the Wanshi Building in Guam, Tokyo, Japan in April 1990. Due to the lack of traction units in elevators driven by linear motors, the machine room at the top of the building can be omitted. For buildings with higher heights, a wire rope free elevator driven by a linear induction motor is a better choice.
In the field of logistics and warehousing, linear induction motor can be used to drive the lifting of shelves and the handling of goods in automated three-dimensional warehouses, achieving fast and accurate storage and retrieval of goods. In logistics sorting systems, conveyor belts driven by linear induction motors can achieve high-speed and accurate sorting of goods, improving logistics efficiency. In addition, linear induction motors can also be used in equipment such as logistics robots and automatic guided vehicles.
In the aerospace field, linear induction motors can be used for electromagnetic catapult systems on aircraft carriers. The electromagnetic aircraft ejection system tested by the US Navy, with its heart being a 103 meter long linear induction motor, can accelerate the weight of the aircraft to about 4.5-45 tons and eject at speeds between 100-370 kilometers per hour, with flexible control sensitivity that steam catapults cannot achieve.
Medical field: In medical imaging equipment, linear induction motor can be used to drive the precise movement of detectors, achieving high-precision imaging. For example, in CT scanners, linear induction motors can drive the scanning table to move accurately and obtain high-quality images.is similar to that of a rotary induction motor (asynchronous motor), but it is structurally unfolded in a straight line form to achieve thrust along the straight line direction.
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