Planetary Gear reducer is a precision reduction device that achieves power transmission through the meshing structure of sun gear planetary gear ring gear. Its core feature is multi tooth simultaneous meshing and power splitting, which can achieve high-efficiency (>95%) and high torque reduction transmission.
Planetary Gear reducer is a mechanical reduction device designed based on the principle of planetary gear transmission. With its compact structure, high transmission efficiency, and strong load-bearing capacity, Planetary Gear reducer is widely used in industrial transmission, automation equipment, transportation and other fields.
Planetary Gear Reducer is a "universal core component" in the industrial transmission field, which cleverly utilizes the compound motion of planetary gears to achieve efficient deceleration, balancing performance, cost, and reliability. From daily car drives to high-end aerospace equipment, planetary gear reducer has always been a key bridge connecting power sources and loads, and an indispensable transmission solution in modern mechanical engineering. With the advancement of material technology (such as high-strength alloys) and manufacturing processes (such as precision grinding), its performance is still being continuously optimized, and its application scenarios will further expand towards high-precision and high reliability fields.
The structure of a planetary gear reducer revolves around the meshing relationship between the sun gear, planet gear, and ring gear. The main components include:
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Sun Gear |
Located in the center position, usually connected to the input shaft, it is the core component of power input. |
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Planet Gears |
evenly distributed around the sun gear (usually 3-6), connected by a planet carrier, and meshing with both the sun gear and the ring gear. |
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Planet Carrier |
The rotating shaft that supports the planetary gears and is ultimately connected to the output shaft, responsible for the power output function. |
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Ring Gear |
A fixed or rotating outer gear ring that meshes with planetary gears and its state (fixed/rotating) determines the transmission ratio. |
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Input shaft and output shaft |
Connect the power source (such as motor) and load respectively, and achieve speed reduction and torque amplification through gear meshing. |
According to structural differences and application scenarios, planetary gear reducers can be divided into various types, with the following core characteristics:
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Type |
Structural Features |
Typical Parameters (Reference |
Applicable Scenarios |
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Single stage planetary reducer |
Single set of sun gear+planetary gear+ring gear |
Reduction ratio 3:1-10:1, efficiency 95% -98% |
Low reduction ratio, high-speed scenario |
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Multi stage planetary reducer |
Multiple sets of planetary gears in series (2-3 stages are common) |
Reduction ratio 10:1-1000:1, efficiency 85% -95% |
Large reduction ratio, high torque demand scenario |
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Right angle planetary reducer |
Input shaft perpendicular to output shaft (including bevel gear) |
Reduction ratio 5:1-50:1, efficiency 90% -95% |
Space limited, requiring right angle transmission scenario |
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Harmonic planetary reducer |
Combining harmonic transmission with planetary structure (flexible ring gear) |
Reduction ratio 50:1-500:1, efficiency 80% -90% |
High precision, small backlash scenarios (such as robots) |
Here In this page, we introduce our catagories of Planetary Gear Reducers, you will see ranges,finished gearboxes,videos of test as follows:
Also You are welcome to watch more projects or visit our video gallery by Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/@tallmanrobotics
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High Precision Helical Gear Series: PGH Stage 1 |
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High Precision Helical Gear Series: PGH Stage 2 |
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Angle High Precision Helical Gear Series:PGHR Stage 1 |
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Angle High Precision Helical Gear Series:PGHR Stage 2 |
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High Precision Disc Output Type: PGF |
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High Precision Angle Disc Output Type: PGFR |
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High Precision Straight Gear Series: PGC |
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High Precision Angle Straight Gear Series: PGCR |
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High Precision Straight Gear Series: PGE |
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High Precision Angle Straight Gear Series: PGER |
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High Precision Helical Gear Series:PEH |
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Helical Gear Series:PET |
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Helical Gear Series:PEC |
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Right Angle Gear Drives |
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-196°C-+200°C Cryogenic Planetary Gear Reducers |
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Packing and delivery of our Planetary Gear Reducers:
The core of planetary gear reducer is the compound motion of "revolution+rotation" of planetary gears
1). Power is transmitted from the input shaft to the sun gear, driving it to rotate;
2). The sun gear drives the planetary gear to rotate around its own axis (self rotation), while the planetary gear rolls along the inner side of the gear ring (revolution);
3). The revolution of the planetary gear is transmitted to the output shaft through the planetary carrier, achieving power output;
4). By fixing the ring gear, sun gear input, planetary carrier output (or other combination methods), the difference in gear ratio is utilized to achieve speed reduction (usually within the range of 5:1-100:1 reduction ratio) and torque amplification (torque is proportional to reduction ratio).
What is the difference Compared with other reducers?
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Reducer type |
Advantages |
Disadvantages |
Typical scenarios |
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Planetary gear reducer |
High efficiency, strong load-bearing capacity, compact structure |
High precision model with high cost |
Industrial transmission, automotive drive |
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RV reducer |
High rigidity, low backlash, long service life |
Complex manufacturing, expensive |
Industrial robot joints, precision machining |
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Worm gear reducer |
Simple structure, large reduction ratio (single-stage up to 100:1) |
Low efficiency (60% -80%), easy to heat up |
Light load, low-speed scenarios (such as elevators) |
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Harmonic reducer |
Small size, minimal backlash (<1 arc min) |
Low load-bearing capacity, short lifespan |
Small robots, precision instruments |
The reason why planetary gear reducer is widely used is due to their significant performance advantages:
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High transmission efficiency |
ingle stage efficiency can reach 95% -98%, and even after multiple stages are connected in series, it still maintains high efficiency (better than worm gear reducers). |
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High load capacity |
The planetary gears are evenly distributed, and the load is shared by multiple gears. The torque per unit volume is 2-3 times that of a regular cylindrical gear reducer. |
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Compact structure |
The sun gear, planetary gear, and ring gear are arranged coaxially, with small axial dimensions, saving installation space. |
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Low vibration and noise |
The gear meshing overlap coefficient is high, the transmission is smooth, and the operating noise is usually below 70dB. |
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Customizability |
By adjusting the fixing method of the gear ring and sun gear or increasing the number of stages, the reduction ratio can be flexibly designed. |
Planetary gear reducer plays a core role in multiple industries due to their versatility and reliability:
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Industrial Automation |
Servo motor paired with deceleration device, used for precise speed regulation of conveyor belts and assembly lines; |
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The feed system of CNC machine tools provides stable torque output (such as ball screw drive). |
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Transportation |
Drive axle reducers for new energy vehicles (such as the single-stage planetary reducer of Tesla Model 3); |
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Hydraulic motor reduction mechanism for construction machinery (excavators, cranes). |
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Robotics Technology |
Low load joints of collaborative robots (complementary to RV reducers); |
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The drive wheel transmission system of AGV (Automated Guided Vehicle). |
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Energy and Heavy Industries |
Yaw and pitch reducers for wind turbines; |
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Roller conveyor transmission system for metallurgical equipment. |
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Precision Instruments |
Transmission components of medical equipment (CT machines, ventilators); |
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Servo mechanisms for aerospace equipment (such as satellite antenna drives). |
Planetary gear reducer has become the standard solution in the industrial transmission field due to their compact structure, high efficiency, and high torque density. Future technological development will focus on:
Deep integration of electromechanical systems (such as integrated motor encoders)
Digital twin operation and maintenance (real-time health monitoring)
Extreme environment adaptation (wide temperature range of -60 ℃~200 ℃)
There is still room for improvement in noise control (3-5 dB higher than international benchmarks) and batch consistency (CPK<1.33) of current domestic products, but breakthroughs have been achieved in the field of new energy (such as BYD electric drive reducers with a lifespan of 300000 kilometers). With the application of ultra precision machining (5 μ m level tooth profile accuracy) and new materials, planetary gear technology will continue to drive the upgrading of high-end equipment.
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